Introduction. Select one or more newsletters to continue. Leaves of circular shape (7 cm in diameter) and have a winged venation and a leaf margin. It is important to distinguish the botanical Latin term "Geranium", the extent of which has varied according to botanical knowledge over the centuries and the vernacular name of the French language "geranium" whose extension is defined by several centuries of use by amateur and professional gardeners. Traditionally, doctors were interested in medicinal plants, but with Dr. John Fothergill (1712–1780), a great collector of new plants, "curious for a scientific mind," he says, gathered with this greed of know the natural objects that was typical of the Age of Enlightenment. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this product. They look so great in pots and window boxes, and they are one of the most popular container plants. One report recommends caution if used during pregnancy.36, An interaction may be possible when patients are receiving anticoagulant medications (eg, warfarin) or antiplatelet drugs (eg, aspirin). A classic choice for summer annual containers and window boxes, though evergreen perennials where hardy. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. The zonal Pelargoniums. Various types of Pelargonium are regular participants in flower shows and competitive events, with numerous societies devoted exclusively to their cultivation. Pelargonium translates from the Greek word pelargos as "stork", again due to the similarity in shape of the fruits to a stork (or crane's) elongated beak. Close × Share This Page. It is a hybrid between Pelargonium zonale and Pelargonium inquinans. Botanical Name: Pelargonium X hortorum., pel-ar-GON-e-um x hor-TOR-um Decorative Life: In a garden setting can last the entire season and beyond, the latter if weather permits. True geraniums are perennials called cranesbill geraniums. Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. folklore and uses of herbal plants in the genus Pelargonium. The English varieties were valued for their robustness, the French varieties for the beauty of their flowers. Garden Geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) Rocky Mountain Royal Red (our variety) Annual or Perennial depending on type. Sparsely branched stems grow from the base and display deep red to black flowers, and the species is distinguished by the cordate or heart-shaped leaves. The therapy was well tolerated, with no serious adverse reactions during the trials examined. Inclusion criteria involved patients diagnosed with acute bronchitis within 48 hours who were not receiving antibiotic therapy, and who had no obvious contraindications to therapy. Very weak evidence supported effectiveness for symptom relief of acute rhinosinusitis and the common cold in adults. It is an ingredient in a pre-exercise product currently marketed as Jack3d. Chemical analyses have led to characterization of about 65 metabolites including phenolic and cinnamic acids, tannins, flavonoids, and coumarins in both plant species.5, 7, 8 Extracts of P. sidoides are composed of 6 main components that account for 70% to 80% of the total weight: substituted and unsubstituted oligomeric prodelphinidins, monomeric and oligomeric carbohydrates, minerals, peptides, purine derivatives, and highly substituted benzopyranones.9 Nearly 230 components have been detected in each of the plant species' essential oils, with sesquiterpenes the most abundant.10, Coumarin, 5,6-dimethoxy,7-hydroxy-coumarin, and several related ethers, glycosides, and sulfates have been isolated from both species of Pelargonium.11, 12, 13, 14 Many of these coumarins also are found in the roots of other South African Pelargonium species.12 A series of galloyl C-glycosidic flavones, along with related nongalloyl flavones, have been isolated from P. reniforme aerial parts.15P. EPs 7630 is an ethanolic extract of the roots of P. sidoides, which is marketed by ISO-Arzneimittel under license from Schwabe. During the year, it grows about 25–30 cm. Availability: Year Round. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 7 Dec 2020), Cerner Multum™ (updated 4 Dec 2020), ASHP (updated 3 Dec 2020) and others. Time to first exacerbation was significantly prolonged by a median of 14 days with EPs 7630 (P = 0.005), the number of moderate versus mild exacerbations was significantly lower (P < 0.0001), and fewer patients overall on the study treatment experienced exacerbations. One investigation noted weak cytotoxic effects on coumarins in 2 human cell lines (lung carcinoma GLC4 and colorectal cancer cells COLO 320). It was written to accommodate a variety of It was written to accommodate a variety of audiences, providing basic information appropriate for beginners to herbs and herb gardening as well as In contrast, P. reniforme has magenta red to black flowers, kidney-shaped leaves, and white to green pollen.2, 3 Both plant species may be found along the seacoast and interior portions of South Africa. In Germany, pharmacovigilance studies document allergic reactions associated with the use of Pelargonium extract. A type of hybrid geranium obtained in cultivation. The root of the plant is typically distilled into an extract and used in cough and cold remedies to alleviate symptoms and reduce the duration of illness. The most important improvements geraniums zoned only became apparent at the end of the 19th century. This is only a brief summary of general information about this product. Common Name: Geranium Family: Geraniaceae Juss. Zonal Geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) Join the Club to Manage Your Garden Plant Details; Basic Care Instructions; Detailed Care Instructions; Features. It prefers a dry atmosphere and a lot of space. The inflorescence is carried by a long rigid peduncle, starting from the armpit of the upper leaves, so that the flowered head stands out clearly above the foliage. Bracts on cuttings are to be removed, because they often rot. Join now. Some even have scented leaves. The plant species has also been investigated for use in treating gastritis. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information -. Among the paintings are what is now called Pelargonium zonal whose precise identification was made by the botanist John Ray. Additionally, significantly fewer patients treated with add-on EPs 7630 required antibiotics during exacerbations compared with placebo (37.8% vs 73.3%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Name Authority; Pelargonium hybridum (Linnaeus) L'Héritier: Pelargonium inquinans x P. zonale: Pelargonium x hortorum: Bailey: Pelargonium x hybridum (Linnaeus) Aiton: Pelargonium zonale hybrids: Pelargonium citronellum is a strongly scented herb that releases a lemony fresh scent when touched. There is a bewildering array of Pelargoniums in cultivation, but in addition to the species and the primary hybrids, the varieties that are most commonly used as garden and pot plants can be separated into six groups.. Information regarding safety and efficacy in pregnancy and lactation is lacking. The ancestors of Pelargonium zonal group are two species of wild pelargoniums of South Africa called Geranium Africanum. The species Pelargonium zonale is a member of the Ciconium section. Pelargonium x hortorum. Other scientific names. This low maintenance, evergreen plant is easy to grow and makes for an interesting garden subject with its attractive, scented leaves and clusters of pink-purple flowers during the spring and summer. Patients treated with EPs 7630 had reduced severity of symptoms and shortened duration of illness by at least 2 days. Hybrids are available in both F1 seed varieties (single flower types that flower the first year from seed and come true from seed) and vegetative varieties (semi-double to double types that are propagated by cuttings). It is also used as a flavoring for food and alcoholic drinks. Culinary Uses. Plant database entry for Zonal Geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum 'Vancouver Centennial') with 38 images, one comment, and 27 data details. This product may adversely interact with certain health and medical conditions, other prescription and over-the-counter drugs, foods, or other dietary supplements. The toxic potential was classified as safe according to results from an assay on Artemia salina (brine shrimp) using extracts of EPs 7630. This information does not endorse this product as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. Pelargonium are plants that evoke a holiday in the sun, with their rounded clusters of vivid red or orange flowers and bushy leaves, often strongly marked with purple or red. x hortorum translates as "of gardens" and refers to its domesticated usage as a complex hybrid. It may also act as an immune system booster, and alleviate symptoms of the common cold and herpes. The blade is covered by a dark annular area, more or less visible depending on the variety. The South African geranium (Pelargonium sidoides), also known as the black geranium or Cape pelargonium, is an herb long used in South African traditional medicine. The genus Pelargonium is divided into sections based on morphological and other features. P. sidoides and P. reniforme are marketed as Umckaloaba or Zucol for bronchitis and pharyngitis. You may think that red, pink, or white annual flowering plants with thick pleated leaves are called \"geraniums,\" since everyone calls them that. Rooting continues in good conditions for up to 3 weeks. Rangier than Pelargonium x hortorum. It was only during the second half of the 18th century that the foundations of hybridization and floral biology began to be established through the work of two remarkable German experimenter Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel (1750–1816). sidoides contains similar flavonoids and phenolics.16 The high tannin content (about 9%) may justify the plant's use in GI complaints in cases of bacterial toxin-induced secretory diarrhea. One clinical trial administered 4.5 mL 3 times daily for 7 days, corresponding to a total daily dose of plant material of approximately 1.2 g.25 A second trial used the same dosing schedule.26 Other dosage regimens used in clinical trials include the following17: Other Dosage Regimens Used in Clinical Trials. Manufacturer dosage guidelines for Zucol suggest 3 lozenges every day for 6 days, even if symptoms are reduced. Trailing types have green ivy-shaped leaves and others are wavy-margined. No serious adverse reactions were reported.32, 33, EPs 7630 inhibited Helicobacter pylori growth and reduced bacterial adherence to gastric epithelial adrenogenital syndrome cells. The first traces of the culture of the second ancestor of the zonal group, now known as Pelargonium inquinans , are not found in a duchess but in a bishop, who is also passionate about plants coming from overseas. Flower Color: Pink, Red, Violet, White. Zonal geraniums are basically tropical perennials. No reports on toxic effects of EPs 7630 are available. The advantages of this plant are the long-blooming flowers and decorative leaves. His fortune enabled him to employ about fifteen gardeners to maintain a botanical garden in Essex and three to four artists to paint his plants. The mechanism of action is associated with EPs 7630 antagonism of bacterial adhesion to intact epithelia, leading to protection from bacteria colonization and infection in the upper respiratory tract.24. Health status, patient satisfaction, mean number of days off work during an exacerbation (2 vs 4 days), and total number of days off work during the 24-week study (3 vs 7 days) were all significantly better with EPs 7630 versus placebo (P < 0.01, P < 0.0001, P = 0.004, P < 0.001, respectively). Case reports of fatalities linked to the use of a product containing the Pelargonium extract 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA) have led to DMAA-containing products being banned by the US Department of Defense from military bases and resulted in a complete ban by the New Zealand Ministry of Health. This information relates to an herbal, vitamin, mineral or other dietary supplement. Citronella Pelargonium Overview. The plant species has also been investigated for use in treating gastritis. Because of poor seed viability, a clonal method of propagation has been developed to reduce pressure on natural populations.4, The plant species indigenous to areas of South Africa are widely used by traditional healers of the Zulu, Basuto, Xhosa, and Mfengi tribes to treat dysentery, diarrhea, hepatic complaints, wounds, colds, fatigue, fevers, generalized weakness, and infections of the respiratory tract including tuberculosis.4, 5 Western use of the P. sidoides and P. reniforme species to treat tuberculosis is traced back to the Englishman Major Charles Stevens in 1897 when he was treated by a tribal healer with an extract from the roots of Pelargonium species.2, Originally, the plant source of the drug was identified as P. reniforme; however, further botanical investigations discovered the closely related species P. sidoides, which is now predominately used for therapeutic purposes.2. This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this product. In the wild, Pelargonium inquinans is a small shrub, about 2 m tall, branched, with young succulent twigs becoming woody with age, bearing red glandular hairs. The first illustration from 1732 was made from a plant growing in the garden of British botanist James Sherard. EPs 7630 suppressed H. pylori growth in brain-heart infusion broth at a concentration of 100 mcg/mL and reduced H. pylori adherence at concentrations of 50 mcg/mL or more. Landscape Uses – Bedding plant, Container plant, Hanging basket, Summer interest Limitations/Other Features – Africa Origin, Deadheading required September 26, 2012 / by Aeron Matthew Tags: Geranium , hortorum , Pelargonium See beautiful Pelargonium varieties here! Economically, annual sales for the product in 2002 were $55 million or 4.1 million packages.6 The product is marketed as Zucol in the United States and is widely available. Single and double flowers are flatter and smaller than those of Pelargonium domesticum variety, but clusters bear more blossoms. The first ancestor of the zonal group, now known as Pelargonium zonal, was collected in the province of Western Cape in 1689 and was sent to Europe and described by the Dutch botanist 9 Jan Commelijn (1629–1692). A gray mold may be seen on the leaves. Adverse events were slightly higher with treatment versus placebo and none were serious (eg, GI, allergic skin reactions, urticarial).38, A meta-analysis of 4 randomized clinical trials, including 1,647 patients, supported the plant's efficacy in reducing bronchitis symptoms. There are many varieties of geranium with flower colors of red, pink, white, orange, or combinations of these (Fig. On toxic effects of EPs 7630 is a shrubbby succulent perennial stemmed to 3 weeks by stem rot blackleg... Is provided for educational purposes only and is not specific medical advice and does not replace you. 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