The versatile and mobile French 75mm cannon was a revolutionary design that saw widespread use during both world wars. This 6.76 kg (14.9 lb) round travelled at 625 m/s (2,050 ft/s) and contained 1.5 pounds of TNT filling and choice of Super Quick (SQ) or Delay (PD) with 0.05 or 0.15 seco… 1940. The M-61 armor-piercing round created for the gun could penetrate up to three inches of armor at 1,000 yards, quite respectable for the early years of the war. Improvements in explosives and metallurgy made it possible create more powerful cannons than ever before, but one problem plagued designers—recoil. 75mm French Field Gun Mle 1897 Modified 1938: Number: 35056: Scale: 1:35 : Type: Full kit : Released: 2019 | Initial release - new tool: Barcode: 5907747901360 (EAN) Topic: 75 mm Field gun Schneider » Cannons (Guns) By 1945, the weapon had been eclipsed by new designs, but the 75 remains perhaps the quintessential Allied artillery piece of World War I. Carriages were built by Willys-Overland, the hydro-pneumatic recuperators by Singer Manufacturing and … But in the spartan fiscal atmosphere of the 1920s and 1930s, the new weapon stayed in the experimental phase. The tube was eight feet, three inches long, which equated to 33 calibers (the length of the tube divided by the diameter). The French 75: The 75mm M1897 field gun that revolutionized modern artillery Osprey Publishing Osprey New Vanguard 288 ISBN: 9781472839305 2020 Вдогонку к 75mm Mle1897 (подборка документов) att. The director returned to his arsenal to discuss the design with other engineers and officers; they returned after three days of study, saying the weapon’s design was simply not feasible. The Model 1897 set a whole new standard of artillery performance. After seeing a battery of 75s in action near Milhausen, France, one French citizen recalled observing a German artillery battery set up on high ground near a cemetery, posting their horses and limbers on some low ground nearby. The French 75 set the pattern for almost all early-20th century field pieces, with guns of mostly 75 mm forming the basis of many field artillery units into the early stages of World War II." It was the French Army’s primary field gun during WW1. Anyone wanting access to the museum or kitshop MUST book an appointment. Hours of Operation: Monday to Friday from 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM. The features of other guns were adapted as well. Even civilians gave testament to its power. The howitzer adopted by the U.S. Army for the war was the French Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider. How France's Deadly 75mm Cannon Revolutionized Artillery. The 75s next saw action during the fighting in North Africa in late 1942 and early 1943. In the St. Mihiel offensive, the American guns fired a barrage of one million rounds in just four hours. vehicle and 6 Gunners. When he returned, he announced to Mathieu that such a gun could indeed be made. The director, Colonel Albert Deport, took the German gun’s particulars and studied them for three days. It was the French Army’s primary field gun during WW1. Kit no. Mark and Steve get an artillery lesson while researching a Harry Truman statue in this scene from "America's Lunar Legend." ), XHTML: You can use these tags:
. It saw widespread service in World War I including in the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF). The US decided early in World War I to switch from 3-inch (76 mm) to 75 mm calibre for its field guns. In between the wars the US army kept the mle 1897 as their main field gun and these came in a number of variants, the initial versions made in France, versions built under licence in the US, and later versions with slightly different carriages. This fortified position was holding up the advance, so the Pirate Gun was called up to destroy it. To book an appointment call 204-765-3000 ext 4563. The French 75mm Gun Was a Staple of WWI by Warfare History Network A regiment of Bavarian infantry advanced quietly in the dark, rising from … This would put four rounds on the target in only six seconds, equal to all the guns of a battery firing at once. The M-3 was replaced late in the war by the M-7 105mm self-propelled gun. Most modern at a time of its design, it remained in a frontline service until World … This cannon was used to support an attack with direct fire right on the front lines. After the war, the Model 1897 soldiered on despite attempts to replace it with a newer design. The US Army adopted the 75mm in 1918. Half the 3,000 guns used were 75s, which fired two-thirds of all the ammunition expended in the offensive. Masks are currently mandatory. By the time the first American 75s went into action on October 23, 1917, the AEF possessed some 270 Model 1897s, enough to equip at least 64 batteries. The design was hurried into service in the days just before Pearl Harbor, with a number being shipped to the Philippines. But there’s NEVER been anything like THIS before. Luckily, the French could produce enough 75s to equip both armies as well as provide ammunition and training facilities for the arriving Americans, who took an immediate liking to their new cannon. Still, Mathieu’s curiosity was piqued. Secrecy about the new 75 was maintained even after the cannon entered service with the French Army. It was capable of a high rate of fire and had a gun shield. The French 75m field artillery gun with the hydraulic recoil mechanism enabled accurate and rapid fire, without the need to reposition the gun after each shot. A French 75-mm Schneider Mle.1897 Field Gun, adapted for anti-aircraft firing on a "Ziegler" type platform mount. When rotated, the notch exposed the chamber so a round could be inserted, then the block was rotated back and closed. Waiting until dawn, the gun crew poured fire into the enemy-held building and leveled it. An offensive weapon, the 75 was ill-suited for trench warfare. Initially produced under great secrecy, with details of its design jealously guarded by the French government, the soixante-quinze went on to have a long, worldwide history of service that lasted well into World War II. RCHA Kitshop: 204-765-3000 ext 3533. The weapon was used for decades (including in American tanks) which was a testament to its inherently excellent design. 75mm French Field Gun entered service in French Army in 1898. When the American infantrymen emerged from their trenches and advanced, they immediately came under heavy fire from a number of enemy machine guns. The floating piston was of particular interest to those wanting to copy the gun’s design because of the way it was sealed to prevent the fluid and gas from mixing. It was for just this situation that the 75 had been moved up. The exterior is over painted in original French Disruptive Camouflage. But there’s NEVER been anything like THIS before. Its preferred gun for re-equipment was the French 75 mm Model of 1897, but early attempts to produce it in the US using US commercial mass-production techniques failed, partly due to delays in obtaining necessary French plans, and then their being incomplete or inaccurate, and partly because US industry was not equipped to work to metric measurements. The gun itself, including its carriage, weighed just over 2,650 pounds. The French 75mm quick firing field gun was a game changing weapon. After World War II, the French 75 was quickly retired from most European armies, although some soldiered on in the Third World. modern equipment after the British Army was evacuated from Dunkirk in 1940. 1 Motorized Artillery Reg., 1 Armoured Div. Times when the very landscape appears to shift. The system worked so smoothly that the gun essentially stayed in place after firing without jumping, eliminating the need to re-aim it before firing again. The needs of the war gave rise to some interesting and unconventional uses of the 75 as well. Above: The French manufactured limber for the French 75mm mle/1897 field gun. The RCA Museum: 204-765-3000 ext 3570 or 4563. Range of fire was up to four miles. Nearby sat the means of their undoing—a battery of four cannons, each a Model 1897 French “75 gun” positioned a mile away but with a clear line of sight. In the hands of a highly trained gun crew, rates of fire as high as 30 rounds per minute were possible. At the war’s beginning in 1914, some 4,000 75mm cannons were in the French inventory; thousands more would be produced during the conflict. It was capable of a high rate of fire and had a gun shield. The 75mm tank gun has its origins in the famous French Canon de 75 modèle 1897 field gun of World War I fame which was also adopted by the United States and used well into World War II as the 75mm M1897 field gun. It was commonly known as the French 75, simply the 75 and Soixante-Quinze (French for 75). Large numbers still equipped the French Army, and after the fall of France the Germans used captured pieces, including a battery fired against the Canadians at Dieppe. The French Model 1897 75mm cannon was a quick-firing, accurate, and dependable artillery piece that became practically the quintessential Allied cannon in World War I. As the war progressed, the Germans came to have a healthy respect for the 75. Initially produced under great secrecy, with details of its design jealously guarded by the French government, the soixante-quinze went on to have a long, worldwide history of service that lasted well into World War II. One American battalion used its guns individually, taking advantage of the 75’s high firing rate to dupe the Germans into thinking an entire battery was in action. French technical journals obligingly refrained from writing about the new recoil system as well. This was the French Army’s main artillery gun during World War I. The French 75mm was a The enemy machine gun was quickly knocked out of action and the gun crew moved on to the next one. The seat was only really useful if the gun’s recoil was sufficiently managed by the new recoil system to keep the gun from jumping when fired. In the U.S. Army, although newer artillery pieces had started to finally come into service, 75s still found use. Weapons of War — The French 75mm Field Gun. | 1942 | … Such hopes were dashed when roving French searchlights pinpointed the German regiment. It is often referred to as the first modern artillery piece. Building N-118, Patricia Road, CFB Shilo. Manufacture of the French 75 by American industry began in the spring of 1918 and quickly built up to an accelerated pace. Summoning the director of the government arsenal at Bourges, Mathieu asked if such a design could be made to work. French 75mm mle/1897 The French 75mm mle/1897 has a Nordenfelt Eccentric Screw Breech making it capable of firing up to 24 rounds per minute. There they served as both artillery and tank destroyers with good effect during their first combat service. The firing capability proved both useful and deadly on the Western Front during World War I, where the Allies’ enemies had to fight their way through thick, hellish barrages of 75mm fire. This iconic gun is considered the first modern artillery piece, thanks to its hydro-pneumatic recoil mechanism. Deport’s specification called for a weapon of 75mm caliber, but the heart of the new weapon would be the recoil system. This device was designed and used especially in the Dunkirk area. 35056 By Ray Mehlberger MSRP: $23/95 at Kit Linx or at 8 locations overseas on the web. The US Army adopted the 75mm in 1918. as anti-tank guns in 1944. During World War II, 75s once again fired shots in anger. Although some of these features had been incorporated into earlier guns, the 75mm M1897 integrated them into a superior, lightweight field gun. A decade earlier, another French officer had designed a 57mm gun with a number of new details. The stalemate continued. French 75 mm field gun Mle 1897, designated in Poland as 75 mm armata wz. These included a separate sighting device not attached to the gun tube, which enabled the sight be moved independently of the barrel. The French 75mm Field Gun (“Matériel de 75mm Mle 1897”) is widely considered to be the first modern artillery piece. This made howitzers more versatile and better suited for trench warfare. An experienced crew could fire up to one shell every two seconds with a maximum range of 9,000 meters. The 75-mm gun carriages manufactured in this country are designated M1897M1. If the gun was heavy enough to soak up the recoil forces, it was no longer transportable by a reasonably sized horse team. It now sprang into action. In the end, all the efforts paid off. Dimensions: 300x200x45 mm (11.8x7.9x1.8 inch) Markings 75 mm Field gun Schneider 75 mm French Field Gun Free Polish Army. The 75mm gun incorporated the first modern recoil system, a fixed round of ammunition (loaded in one step), and a quick firing breech. Additionally, gun shields for crew protection and a seat for the gunner were adapted to the new cannon. WWII Quarterly, the hardcover journal of the Second World War that is not available in bookstores or on newsstands, and can only be obtained and collected through a personal subscription through the mail. The versatile and mobile French 75mm cannon was a revolutionary design that saw widespread use during both world wars. It was capable of a high rate of fire and had a gun shield. Recoil-absorbing systems were created, but none of those in general use did the job well enough to solve the problem, and the cannons still jumped upon firing. When the Americans entered the war in 1917, there were severe shortages of all sorts of military equipment, including artillery. There have been countless thousands of published works devoted to all or of it. Masks are currently mandatory. Development of the Model 1897 began as part of the ongoing artillery arms race in the late 1800s. It has elevation and traversing mechanisms with handles for the gunner on the left hand side of the gun. The cannon’s breech assembly was of the Nordenfeldt type, a rotating block with a notch cut into one side. A regiment of Bavarian infantry advanced quietly in the dark, rising from its own trenches and moving toward the French lines across the desolate no-man’s-land in between. When the preparatory barrage began, the gun stayed quiet, taking no part in the initial shelling. The four guns fired 80 more rounds into the fleeing Germans, completing the rout. The Germans used captured examples The primary round was the M48 High Explosive. A port connected the two cylinders and a floating piston kept the gas and liquid apart. There were 480 American 75 mm field gun batteries (over 1,900 guns) on the battlefields of France in November 1918. The US Army adopted the 75mm in 1918. Building N-118, Patricia Road, CFB Shilo. The 601st Tank Destroyer Battalion used them in the fighting around El Guettar in March 1943, knocking out 30 German tanks while sustaining the loss of 21 M-3s in the effort. Mathieu was disappointed but not yet ready to give up. field gun, was the best medium field artillery gun of the war. Various regulations were put into place to assure the secrecy of the 75’s internal mechanism. There are moments in military history that forever alter the flow of human events. Beneath the gun’s barrel lay a cradle that held two hydraulic cylinders. 1897(1897 Pattern cannon), was one of most important artillery systems ever. The top cylinder held hydraulic fluid, while the bottom held compressed gas. The French used the gun until The night before the assault, the gun was towed by its horse team as close as possible to the trenches, then manhandled to firing position by the gun crew and infantrymen. He contacted the director of another arsenal in Pateaux, just outside Paris, the Chatillon-Commentry Gun Foundry. They also adopted the concept of the collimator, a fixed telescope used for aiming the gun in direct fire. The battery commander gave the order for each gun to fire 30 rounds, and the crews obeyed as fast as they could service their guns. With a direct view of the battlefield, the French battery could pour fire right into the massed German formation. It was versatile enough to gain use as an antitank gun, although the tank did not even exist when the cannon was developed in the 1890s. It retains its French Horizon Blue paint on the interior. At its introduction, the 75 represented a huge leap ahead in artillery technology, heralding in a new era of fast-firing, deadly cannons. The “Soixantequinze,” France's legendary 75mm Modele 1897, was the first modern field gun, pioneering several critical innovations in field artillery designs, including a fast action breech and a soft recoil system. This French manufactured example is the only one know in North America. The Marines used them in both the antitank role, where they proved quite effective against the thinly armored Japanese tanks, and in direct fire support roles, destroying enemy bunkers and fixed emplacements, although in this role the 75’s thin armor and open top exposed it to attack. The gun belongs to an antiaircraft battery (DCA) deployed in the dunes of Malo-Les-Bains. French 75, field gun of 75-mm (2.95-inch) bore devised in 1894 by Colonel Albert Deport of the French army. “Misdirected” money from a fund normally used to buy property around Paris paid for the program, to the eventual cost of 300 million francs. In the annals of military history magazines, this is one of those moments. A crash program to develop a stopgap antitank gun mated the 75 to a M-3 halftrack chassis until dedicated tank destroyers were fielded. Some were captured and later used by the Japanese before American troops recaptured the islands—and the 75s—later in the war. This problem was solved by equipping the field artillery regiments with the French 75mm mle 1897 field gun. IBG offers two variants: 1/35 75mm French Field Gun Mle 1897 – Modified 1938 1/35 75mm French Field Gun Mle 1897 – Polish Forces in the West To book an appointment call 204-765-3000 ext 4563. Even so, a well-drilled Model 1897 crew could accomplish 10 to 20 rounds per minute without much trouble. It was distinguished from other cannon of its time by its recoil system: the barrel and breech recoiled on rollers while the gun carriage itself remained in place instead of jumping or rolling backward. Adopted by the French army in 1897, it was the first gun to be equipped with a hydro-pneumatic recoil system, which allowed the gun to be fired in … There is a US manufactured limber for this same gun. The Soixante-Quinze, the French 75 mm. These roaming sections would move frequently, towing the 75 behind a truck rather than the usual team of horses. French 75 mm Field Gun Facts The field gun was devised by Colonel Albert Deport of the French army It was distinguished from other cannons of its time by recoil system The barrel and breech recoiled on rollers while the gun carriage itself remained in place instead of This is the first English-language history of the legendary French 75mm field gun, which revolutionized artillery firepower and helped save France in 1914. American factories were still gearing up, and could not provide guns quickly enough for the weapons-starved divisions going overseas. In the U.S. Army, the postwar Westervelt Board recommended a new 75mm cannon that eventually would come to fruition as the M-1 pack howitzer. The End! The French 75mm Modele 1897 was the best candidate and is widely considered by historians to be the first modern cannon. Field guns that were small and light enough for easy transport would literally fly off their wheels at each shot, requiring the gun to be set back into position and aimed again before the next round was fired. The French 75:The 75mm M1897 field gun that revolutionized modern artillery (Osprey New Vanguard 288) Steven J. Zaloga Overall, the M-3 was deemed unsuccessful, largely because it was often used aggressively in direct support of attacking infantry, where its thin armor was a detriment. As the man watched, a French battery of four 75s opened fire on the Germans and “demolished the material and killed almost all the cannoneers, directed its fire on the limbers posted in the bottom land and killed a great number of horses.”. LCol Norman Bruce (Ike) Buchanan, MC with 2 Bars, ED (1915-2008), MGen HON Brownfield CBE, MC, CD (1894-1958), LGen Sir HE Burstall KCB, KCMG (1870-1945), General, The Honourable HDG Crerar PC, CH, CB, DSO, CD (1888-1965). It was designed as an anti-personel weapon, meant to fire large volumes of shrapnel shells at the advancing enemy. The French used the gun until 1940. Conceived by Major Deport and manufactured by different French arsenals, it is usually associated with Schneider firm (although some claim, that Schneider actually did not produce these guns). It was the French Army’s primary field gun during WW1. The French Model 1897 75mm cannon was a quick-firing, accurate, and dependable artillery piece that became practically the quintessential Allied cannon in World War I. technological innovation and the first modern artillery system. The 75mm gun incorporated the first modern recoil system, a fixed round of ammunition (loaded in one step), and a quick-firing breech. It was then carefully hidden from German view. French artillery in the Great War was dominated by the 75 mm Mle 1897. No contracts were signed, nor did Mathieu seek approval from his superiors. This was such an important detail that French artillery officers were forbidden to have any knowledge of it—in fact, they were not allowed to see the piston itself when it was disassembled from the gun. Although the French were attempting to design a whole new class of cannon, they did not hesitate to adopt features from other guns they thought might work. When the gun fired, the fluid was forced down through the port into the second cylinder, compressing the gas until the recoil energy was expended, at which point the gas pushed against the floating piston and forced the fluid back into the first cylinder. Most of the nests were knocked out with just a single round, and soon all the German nests within a radius of 1,000 yards lay silent. It changed the world more than any other single event in history. This increased the rate of fire dramatically. Its official French designation was: Matériel de 75mm Mle 1897. It required an experienced gun crew, able to open the cannon’s breech when it was extended in full recoil, then load a fresh round into the chamber before the barrel returned to firing position. Artillery in Britain issued 75mm guns with wooden wheels due to a shortage of Quickly phased out of frontline service, some M-3s were transferred to the British Army, which used them as self-propelled artillery in the headquarters troops of tank squadrons for the remainder of the war. It also had an innovative recoil system that made for a smoother operation. 6731 Whittier Avenue, Suite C-100 McLean, VA 22101, From Tolkien to Hitler: Famous Soldiers of World War I, The Battle for Omaha Beach: The Men of the D-Day Invasion, Napoleon Bonaparte’s Last Campaign: The Battle of Waterloo, Operation Barbarossa: World War II’s Eastern Front, The Battle of Gettysburg: Turning Point of the American Civil War, The French 75 Gun: The Secret Cannon Used for Over Half a Century, What Made the German Luger the Most Famous Pistol in Modern Warfare, The Essential Role of Navy PBR Boats in the Vietnam War, Jimmy Doolittle: The Warrior from Shangri-La, Rampage on the Riviera: Operation Dragoon, How the Second Battle of Sedan Led to the Fall of France. This “counterrecoil” pushed the gun back into firing position, ready for the next shot. It was introduced in 1897 and was the first fully integrated quick-firing gun. The French used the gun until 1940. The Canadian All correspondence was kept confidential, including the weekly reports Deport made to Mathieu. If the German troops could surprise their enemies and gain a foothold, they could break the wretched stalemate that paralyzed the Western Front during World War I. With the loss of their machine guns, the Germans retreated and the American attack succeeded. The French 75mm field gun was a quick-firing field artillery piece adopted in March 1898 after 5 years of research and secret trials. Truman statue in this country are designated M1897M1 and is widely considered to be recoil. The enemy-held building and leveled it troops recaptured the islands—and the 75s—later in the Great War, forming backbone..., although some soldiered on despite attempts to replace it with a number of new details the Germans ability... Collimator, a fixed telescope used for decades ( including in American tanks which! Mm field gun during WW1 Africa in late 1942 and early 1943 over open sights the! 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