Retrieved 3 September 2016. The Wellington Region of New Zealand has a foundation of Torlesse Greywacke rocks, that make up the Tararua and Rimutaka Ranges, that go from Wellington in the south to the Manawatu Gorge, where they are renamed as the Ruahine Ranges, and continue further north-northeast, towards East Cape. The shock was felt across almost the whole country, and was highly destructive in Wellington (MM 10), and severely damaging in Whanganui and Kaikoura. Damage to at least 95 unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings resulted in 272 deaths, and damage to five reinforced concrete (RC) buildings resulted in 145 deaths. [GNS Science], Lambton Quay, Wellington, looking south from Brandon's Corner 1860. Wairarapa (magnitude 8.2): This is the most powerful recorded earthquake in New Zealand and resulted from movement at least 140 kilometres along the Wairarapa Fault, on the eastern edge of the Rimutaka Range. Tremors continued almost continuously until midnight and sporadic strong aftershocks were felt for several days. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake . ↑ "Earthquakes". ↑ "GeoNet – Quakes". Intensity of the earthquake. It caused a devastating tsunami which led to several thousand fatalities. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. The region had already experienced several large earthquakes, the very large 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake, and the 1934 Pahiatua earthquake in the Northern Wairarapa.. Rapid residential development took place from the 1880s into the 1920s, spurred by commercial and industrial growth and improved access. Economy Edit. The first incident, being a death due to the collapse of a chimney, was reported by multiple sources and is … It has been suggested that this was caused by the rupture propagating down to where the fault links through to the top of the subducting Pacific Plate. Site Quicklinks Culture & Society. Daytime earthquakes were more deadly than nighttime earthquakes, and mortality rates … There have been a few subsequent earthquakes of just under magnitude 8 including the Hawke’s Bay earthquake of magnitude 7.8; there were 258 fatalities. 23 January: The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake causes extensive damage but few deaths. Astoundingly, this moved the … The 1888 North Canterbury earthquake occurred at 4:10 am on 1 September following a sequence of foreshocks that started the previous evening, and whose epicentre was in the North Canterbury region of the South Island of New Zealand. Contempo­rary accounts put these at 10, compared to 17 in the 1929 Murchison earthquake and 256 in the 1931 Napier earthquake. Read more. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake had an estimated magnitude of 8.2 on the Richter scale, making it the largest recorded earthquake in New Zealand. Cause: Earthquake in Wairarapa; The 9:32pm, 23 January 1855 M 8.2 Wairarapa earthquake generated New Zealand’s largest historical locally-generated tsunami. Quetzaltenango, Guatemala 1902 Guatemala earthquake struck on April 18, 1902 at 20:23:50 hrs. In Wellington, close to the epicenter, shaking lasted for at least 50 seconds. Due to its size, it had a considerable impact on the geography of the region. The epicentre is estimated to have been within a zone extending 50 km northeast from Whanganui towards Taihape. They include the Wairarapa Fault and Wellington Fault to the southwest, the Ruahine and Mohaka Faults in the central section and the Waimana, Waiotahi, Whakatane and Waiohau Faults to the northeast. The Marlborough Fault System is a set of four large dextral strike-slip faults and other related structures in the northern part of South Island, New Zealand, which transfer displacement between the mainly transform plate boundary of the Alpine fault and the mainly destructive boundary of the Kermadec Trench, and together form the boundary between the Australian and Pacific Plates. Deaths from earthquakes includes direct deaths from the event plus those from secondary impacts (such as a tsunami triggered by an earthquake). Originally reported as magnitude 6.6 on the Richter Scale, the earthquake was later downgraded to a magnitude of 6.2. It was centred at a depth of 7 km (4.3 mi), about 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Christchurch, which had previously been devastated by a magnitude 6.2 MW earthquake in February 2011. GeoNet content is copyright GNS Science and is [5] Geomorphological evidence, particularly the uplifted beach ridges observed at Turakirae Head, appears to record three previous coseismic uplifts of the Rimutaka Range caused by earthquakes similar in magnitude to the 1855 event, with a recurrence interval of about 2200 years. [2]. It was centred in the Wairarapa, but once again it was Wellington that experienced the most damage. The Alpine Fault is a geological fault that runs almost the entire length of New Zealand's South Island and forms the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. The 1855 Bursa earthquake occurred on 28 February, with an estimated magnitude of 7.02±0.64 M w A devastating precursor quake that took place in Kemalpaşa, a town of Bursa, Turkey caused severe destruction all over Bursa and other neighboring cities. 1855 Wairarapa earthquake It killed between five and nine people in Wellington, Manawatu and Wairarapa and radically altered the landscape of the Wellington region. This information can then be used to quantify the seismic hazard of an area. Significant uplift also occurred in Wellington City, most noticeably around Wellington Harbour, altering the city's shoreline considerably. Forward elastic dislocation modelling shows that movement on a steeply dipping Wairarapa fault alone cannot account for the recorded deformation data. It remained the single largest earthquake to strike Hawke's Bay until 1931, where a magnitude 7.8 quake leveled much of Napier and Hastings and killed 256 people. Although the later Murchison and Napier earthquakes claimed more lives, neither created the geological upheaval wrought by the Wairarapa earthquake of 1855." The region had already experienced several large earthquakes, the very large 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake, and the 1934 Pahiatua earthquake in the Northern Wairarapa. January 26 – The Point No Point Treaty is signed in the Washington Territory. Find out more on Te Ara. 23 January 1855. [11]. Retrieved 26 December 2011. The 1976 Tangshan earthquake, with death toll estimated to be between 240,000 to 655,000, is believed to be the largest earthquake of the 20th century by death toll. Casualties. Intensity of the earthquake. The violent shake was felt as far away as Canterbury. Under this name, it continues until 1861. 1855 Wairarapa earthquake On 23 January a magnitude 8.2 earthquake struck the lower North Island. A horizontal displacement of up to 18 metres (59 ft) was accompanied by uplift and tilting of the Rimutaka Range on the northwestern side of the fault with vertical offsets of about 6 metres near the fault reducing to almost nothing on the western coast of the Wellington Peninsula. In Wellington, close to the epicenter, shaking lasted for at least 50 seconds. A trend in reported estimates therefore doesn't necessarily reflect the true change over time. 24 June 1942. Retrieved 22 November 2016. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake . Hawke’s Bay (7.8 and 7.3): At least 256 people died in the first earthquake (161 in Napier, 93 in Hastings and two in Wairoa), making it New Zealand’s deadliest earthquake. Earthquake-related deaths were caused by building damage (431 deaths, 88%), ground damage (34 deaths, 7%), or other causes (24 deaths, 5%). Researchers study the effects of the 1855 Wairarapa Earthquake to find clues about what may happen next time. Caused by movement along a fault in Palliser Bay, it altered the landscape of the Wellington region and affected its subsequent urban development. The largest earthquake that has been measured on a seismograph reached 9.5 magnitude, occurring on 22 May 1960. Land was reclaimed to form what is now the central city. The earthquake was followed by many aftershocks, some of which were very damaging. The last major earthquake on the Alpine Fault was in c. 1717 AD, the probability of another one occurring within the next 50 years is estimated at about 30 percent. The June quake was preceded by a magnitude 5.9 ML tremor that struck the region at a slightly deeper 8.9 km (5.5 mi). In 1855 a magnitude 8.2 earthquake – the most powerful ever recorded in New Zealand – rocked the southern part of the North Island. Casualties. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake and tsunami leaves nine dead in New Zealand. Seismotectonics is the study of the relationship between the earthquakes, active tectonics and individual faults of a region. Caused by movement along a fault in Palliser Bay, it altered the landscape of the Wellington region and affected its subsequent urban development. Nearly 200 historical accounts have been examined and analysed in order to determine the effects of the magnitude 8+ 1855 Wairarapa, New Zealand, earthquake. The earthquake of January 23 1855 is New Zealand's largest earthquake since organised European settlement. Earthquake-related deaths were caused by building damage (431 deaths, 88%), ground damage (34 deaths, 7%), or other causes (24 deaths, 5%). It … The 8.2–8.3 M w Wairarapa earthquake claims between five and nine lives near the Cook Strait area of New Zealand. Wairarapa earthquake Happened in 1855 - 7-9 people died 1863. The agricultural industries, including forestry, cropping, sheep, beef and dairy farming, are major land users. Numerous landslides were reported along the slopes of the Rimutaka Range. Cause: Earthquake in Wairarapa; The 9:32pm, 23 January 1855 M 8.2 Wairarapa earthquake generated New Zealand’s largest historical locally-generated tsunami. It killed between five and nine people in Wellington, Manawatū and Wairarapa and radically altered the landscape of the Wellington region. 7–9 deaths The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake occurred on 23 January at about 9 p.m., affecting much of the Cook Strait area of New Zealand , including Marlborough in the South Island and Wellington and Wairarapa in the North Island . The 1855 earthquake occurred on the Wairarapa Fault which is part of the North Island Fault System. The earthquake originated on the Wairarapa Fault and caused extensive faulting and uplift in epicentral areas. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake occurred on 23 January at about 9 p.m., affecting much of the Cook Strait area of New Zealand, including Marlborough in the South Island and Wellington and Wairarapa in the North Island. Despite the violence of the 1855 earthquake (with an estimated strength of 8.0-8.2 on the Richter scale), there were few fatalities. The largest on record – but certainly not the largest ever – was the magnitude 8.2 Wairarapa earthquake of 1855. The Wairau Fault is an active dextral strike-slip fault in the northeastern part of South Island, New Zealand. The 8.2–8.3 M w Wairarapa earthquake claims between five and nine lives near the Cook Strait area of New Zealand. The latter was most dramatic at Muka Muka, on the western side of Palliser Bay, where the ground was raised by 2.7m. The earthquake was one of the main reasons why houses in Wellington were mostly rebuilt in timber rather than brick. ↑ "GeoNet – Quakes". The evening of 23 January 1855 was the end of a two-day holiday, the 15th anniversary of Wellington’s founding. In 1855 a magnitude 8.2 earthquake – the most powerful ever recorded in New Zealand – rocked the southern part of the North Island. There was one death in Wellington, on 24 June. "Historic earthquakes – The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake". The first large earthquake that they had felt had taken place on 16 October 1… The maximum perceived intensity was IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale' possibly reaching X (Extreme). It forms part of the Marlborough Fault System, which accommodates the transfer of displacement along the oblique convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and Pacific Plate, from the transform Alpine Fault to the Hikurangi Trench subduction zone. The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake. Rodney Grapes and Gaye Downes . This earthquake was the second major earthquake that Wellington settlers had experienced. 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