He was named Cardinal-Archbishop of Milan in 1921. [3], Some of his decisions were controversial. During the pontificate of Pope Pius XI (1922–1939), the Weimar Republic transitioned into Nazi Germany. The Hitler regime routinely violated the treaty, an… It started in the 1960s with the play “The Deputy” and has waxed and waned in popularity over the years. Hoping to secure the rights of the Church in Germany, the Church agreed to a requirement that clergy cease to participate in politics. Pius’s pontificate soon witnessed the rise to power of Benito Mussolini, who signed (February 11, 1929) with him the Lateran Treaty that allowed the existence of the independent Vatican City state, over which the pope ruled. In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen. His papal motto, “Pax Christi in regno Christi” (“The peace of Christ in the kingdom of Christ”), illustrated his work to construct a new Christendom based on world peace. His tenure as the head of the church began in February 1922 and ended with his death in February 1939. By the inscrutable design of Divine Providence We were raised to this summit of the Catholic priesthood. Unfortunately, World War II ruined several of these treaties. He chose the name Pius, and his personality was strong, similar to Pius IX and Pius X. Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, who became Pius XI, was born at Desio near Milan, Italy, on May 31, 1857. Under his leadership the Vatican challenged the extreme nationalism of Action Français in France and the anti-Semitism of the Rev. Quick Facts About Pope Pius X. SUBSCRIBE to LifeSite's daily headlines. During this period, the Vatican became an independent city-state in 1929, which effectively made him its first sovereign. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pius-XI, Jewish Virtual Library - Biography of Pius XI. In 1933, the ailing President von Hindenberg appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in a Coalition Cabinet, and the Holy See concluded the Reich concordattreaty with the still nominally functioning Weimar state later that year. His ascension coincided with Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy, causing constant conflict with the Fascist government. Mastai Ferretti chose the name of Pius IX in honour of Pope Pius VII (1800–23), who had encouraged his vocation to the priesthood despite his childhood epilepsy. Updates? He reached an agreement allowing the church to resume religious services in Mexico, where severe persecutions prompted the encyclical of 1926 (Iniquis afflictisque), and he made another agreement (1933), though short-lived, with Adolf Hitler’s newly formed Nazi government in Germany, hoping to alleviate the difficulties confronting German Catholics. Pius’s role in these negotiations was considerable, their success owing much to his appreciation of the interests of the church and of contemporary political realities. A learned humanist, Pius founded research establishments and institutes of higher education, including the Pontifical Institute of Christian Archaeology (1925) and the Pontifical Academy of Science (1936). This is the charge often levelled at Pope Pius XII, who was pope from 1939-58. As for why - well, it’s not as if refusing to take the name of Pius would’ve prevented the war, only our ceasing to offend God - He is not so easily swayed from His intentions as to stop a war for a mere technicality like a name! Sovereign of the Vatican City State. Subscribe . Some of his decisions were controversial. XI in Latin, Pio XI in Italian; born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti) is the 259th and reigning Pope of the Roman Catholic Church since February 6, 1922, and by the same way, Head of State of the Papal State. Houghton Library In 1922 he had defined Catholic Action as “the participation of the laity in the apostolate of the Church’s hierarchy.”. Pius XI (1857-1939) was pope from 1922 to 1939. 1926-03-12 Pope Pius XI names J E van Roey archbishop of Malines Belgium 1926-11-18 Pope Pius XI encyclical On persecution of Church in Mexico 1926-12-20 Pope Pius XI convicts fascist pursuit in Italy 1928-01-06 Pope Pius XI publishes encyclical Mortalium animos (against oecumene) Successor of the Prince of the Apostles. He made great efforts to organize the laity, first in Italy and then throughout the whole church, calling for “specialized movements” and particularly encouraging Catholic Action (the “Jocists”), a Christian youth organization for the working classes. On February 10, 1939, Pius XI died, at the age of 81. [2], In 1919, Pope Benedict XV made Ratti a Bishop of Lepanto. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The materials included the diaries of Eugenio Pacelli, who became Secretary of State in 1930. Pius XI, original name Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, (born May 31, 1857, Desio, Lombardy, Austrian Empire [now in Italy]—died February 10, 1939, Rome, Italy), Italian pope from 1922 to 1939, one of the most important modern pontiffs. The pope’s announcement of a Year of St. Joseph purposely coincided with the 150th anniversary of the saint’s proclamation as patron of the Universal Church by Pope Pius IX on Dec. 8, 1870. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Pius XI, a student of Hebrew, was responsible for the three major encyclicals against the totalitarian systems that challenged Christian principles: Non abbiamo bisogno (1931; “We Do Not Need to Acquaint You”) against the abuses of fascist Italy; Mit brennender sorge (1937; “With Deep Anxiety”) against Nazi Germany, and Divini redemptoris (1937; “Divine Redeemer”) against the ends of atheistic communism. 1. The papacy, in turn, recognized the establishment of the kingdom of Italy and announced permanent neutrality in military and diplomatic conflicts of the world. Metropolitan Archbishop of the Province of Rome. Pope Pius XI, birth name Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was the 259th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born at Corsignano in the Sienese territory of a noble but impoverished family. Pius XII, original name Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, (born March 2, 1876, Rome, Italy—died October 9, 1958, Castel Gandolfo), pope, bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church, who had a long, tumultuous, and controversial pontificate (1939–58). Nuncio to Poland in 1919, he was made cardinal and archbishop of Milan in 1921 by Pope Benedict XV, whom he was elected to succeed on February 6, 1922. He equally encouraged historians and liturgiologists to study Eastern Christianity, inaugurating the work of codifying Eastern canon law. Bishop of Rome. During his reign the Lateran Treaty between the Vatican and Italy was signed. Corrections? Pius IX was crowned on 21 June 1846. Pope Pius XI in photograph taken on December 31, 1929 by Alberto Felici [Wikipedia] Eighty-three years ago this week, Pope Pius XI issued two encyclicals … Omissions? 3-ago-2013 - Esplora la bacheca "POPE PIUS XI" di billyshears, seguita da 1245 persone su Pinterest. Pope Pius XI (Latin: Pius PP. 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