The rate of pyrolysis increases with temperature. • In UCG process, ash/ slug removal is not required as they remain in the cavities. The Union Cabinet has approved a policy framework for development of Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) in unexplored coal and lignite bearing areas in the country. Syngas from UCG can be used as a feed stock for CTL for production of clean synthetic liquid fuels using Fischer Tropsch process. Here CO2 will be pumped in to coal seam. “One proven technology, two line-ups” RESIDUE GASIFICATION PROCESS. Syngas from UCG provides good options for producing these valuable chemicals without getting exposed to international feedstock price fluctuations. The oxygen and water within the coal seam react with the coal to produce syngas, which is withdrawn through a production well. The syngas can be used in a variety of applications such as in the production of electricity and making chemical products, such as … Unlike coal-bed methane, therefore, the actual coal is converted from a solid state into gas. Ƒ. • Even at shallower depths (< 500m), UCG can be more economical than conventional mining. The process involves pumping oxygen and steam through a small borehole into the coal seam to produce a small and controlled combustion. This will help in meeting the energy demands. • UCG produces insignificant surface disruption and brings no solid waste to the surface. >>> Conclusion : 8) Coal gasification is one of the more water-intensive forms of energy production. diesel), fertilizer, explosives and other products. Oxygen and water is pumped in seam which decomposes coal in … A/C Name: APEIROGON TECHNOLOGIES PVT. CIL, NLC, SCCL, GMDC and GIPCL. - Encouraging coal gasification is the way forward in judiciously using our coal resources in an environment-friendly manner. The hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and CO2 are then siphoned off through a second borehole. • Gas can be used to produce synthetic natural gas. Coal gasification is the process of converting coal into synthesis gas (also called syngas), which is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (Self-reliant India Mission) is a campaign launched by the Central Government of India which included an Rs.20 lakh crore economic stimulus package and a number of reform proposals. Welcome to Sleepy Classes. To access the same, a google account is a must. • In current practice, large-scale instances of coal gasification are primarily for electricity generation, for production of chemical feedstocks, or for production of synthetic natural gas. • UCG offers an environmentally clean way to harness energy from coal. The Government of India plans to push coal gasification technology. • Suitable coal deposit: Though technically feasible,number of sites geologically and hydrologically suitable are limited. Case study: cougar energy plant Queensland (Australia) exploded and subsequently benzene was found in ground water. Creating IAS from the grassroots of our nation. This would help reduce India’s dependence on gas imports and help utilize its vast coal reserves. What are the Applications of byproducts of UGC? • ONGC drilled two pilot wells near Mehsana city, in North Gujarat. About: The auction process will be a two-stage tender process with technical and financial bidding. Coal gasification It is the process of producing syngas—a mixture consisting primarily of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, natural gas, and water vapour —from coal and water, air and/or oxygen. The coal gasification process holds good potential in the future, with coal being the most abundantly available fossil fuel across the world, and that even low-grade coal can be used in the process. • Compared to traditional coal mining and processing, the underground coal gasification eliminates surface damage and solid waste discharge, and reduces sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.What are the disadvantages of UGC? India has 293 billion tonnes of coal lying under its soil. • UCG is the only feasible technology, which enables exploitation of deep (> 700m) coal reserves, which are not amenable to known conventional mining methods. Has greater efficiency than conventional coal-burning because it can effectively use the gases twice: the coal gases are first cleansed of impurities and fired in a turbine to generate electricity. With no committed supply assurance of Natural Gas, Syngas from Underground Coal Gasification can be an alternative as a feed stock. • Inconsistent supply of syngas: Both the flow and heating value of gas will vary. What is Underground Coal Gasification (UCG)? India has to test the process using its own coal for adaptation, design and power generation. Bank Details: The decision is geared towards reducing India’s reliance on imports and helping the country meet its CoP-21 Paris Agreement commitments. • India has a coal reserve of 285 billion tonnes.80 % is non metallurgical (high ash content).out of this non-metallurgical coal India’s coal is largely dominated by inferior coal (80%), found in the depth of 300-1200 met. • Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an industrial process which converts coal into product gas (predominant product gases are methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide) • UCG is an in-situ gasification process carried out in non-mined coal seams using injection of oxidants, and bringing the product gas to surface through production wells drilled from the surface. India’s CBM potential is estimated at 450 tcf. Historically, coal was gasified to produce coal gas, also known as "town gas". • Possibilities of using CO2 from the gas for enhanced oil recovery exist. Coal liquefaction It is a process of converting coal … • 40 billion tonnes of lignite coal (most of which is found below 300 met).e.g Kalol basin. An oxidant, usually air, flows through an injection well and into a cavity in a coal seam. This was stated by Sh. Global Coal Gasification market standpoint include various segments, leading countries, market flow, limitations, hazard, openings; It portrays material suppliers, driving business sector players, and cost structure. • Possibilities of transport of medium calorific value gas over a distance of 100 km. Coal gasification is the process of producing syngas —a mixture consisting primarily of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2), carbon dioxide (CO 2), natural gas (CH 4), and water vapour (H 2 O)—from coal and water, air and/or oxygen. What is Underground coal gasification? With oil prices continuously rising and unrest in the Middle East, utilizing our coal reserves seems a likely option for the United States. Details: The commercialisation of coal mining was announced in tranche 4 of the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan. Unlike coal-bed methane, therefore, the actual coal is converted from a solid state into gas. Coal gasification It is the process of producing syngas—a mixture consisting primarily of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, natural gas, and water vapour —from coal and water, air and/or oxygen. In the longer term, fuel for urea will be switched over to Natural Gas. 2. • Environmental concern: As many of the coal blocks are in ecologically sensitive areas,environment safety is a concern. • Cost of production for this energy resource could be as low as US$ 1.0-1.5 per MMBTU. Most Important UPSC IAS topics for UPSC Exam 2021:... UPSC Mains Test Series ! Coal Gasification The process of Coal Gasification chemically transforms the fossil fuel into Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG), instead of burning fossil fuel. Coal Gasification and Liquefaction. Underground coal gasification technology, conceived in 1868, has not attained a fully commercial status after almost 150 years of its development. Integrated coal gasification combined cycle is a promising and a high efficiency power generation technology which gasifies coal and makes use of this gas and waste heat to make the turbines run and thereby improve thermal efficiency. ; The government had announced that it would remove the government monopoly on coal mining by introducing commercial mining on a revenue sharing basis. • About 350 m3 gas can be produced per tonne of coal. Extraction is complicated because of environmental issues. - Mining is a labour-intensive sector, thus, a supporting coal transport infrastructure will need to be developed, including rail junctions. Coal gasification is the process of converting coal into synthesis gas (also called syngas), which is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). • It will also strengthen “national policy on sustainable energy resource” through clean coal. We ask students to login via google as we share a lot of our content over google drive. Transporting gas is a lot cheaper than transporting coal. India’s shale resources at a more modest 65 trillion cubic feet. coal gasification process aUtoMation T he United States has enough coal to provide energy for the next 200 years with a recoverable reserve base of nearly 475 billion tons. • Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an industrial process which converts coal into product gas (predominant product gases are methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide). The process involves pumping oxygen and steam through a small borehole into the coal seam to produce a small and controlled combustion. Top Quality GS Coaching. • Hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be used as a chemical feedstock for the production of fuels (e.g. • Contamination of aquifer if not decommissioned properly. 2020 Best Mock Test... RPSC RAS/RTS Prelims 2020-21 Course: GRASP IAS is the... 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What is the INDIA’s potential in this field? Coal Gasification Economics and Efficiency: A Comparison Study By David Fenton November 20th, 2006 Contents Purpose Conventional Basis Results IGCC Basis Results Comparisons Conclusions Purpose To compare conventional coal and IGCC power plants in the following aspects: Plant efficiency Pollution amounts Capital cost Operating cost Conventional Coal Basis 500 MW, … Urea is currently produced using pooled natural gas, which comprises of both domestic natural gas and imported LNG. These products can be used for power generation and industrial processes. Only a fraction of C is burned for generation of heat. Then, the exhaust heat from the gas turbine can be captured and used to generate steam for a steam turbine-generator. exist. The construction has already started in 3 washeries. This gives Methane, Hydrogen, Carbon monoxide by combination of Coal, Water and oxygen. Coal washing is one of the practices being promoted as a measure to encourage clean coal technologies and Coal India Limited (CIL) is in the process of setting up sixteen new coal washeries with a total throughput capacity of 92.1 million tonnes per year through global tendering process. • UCG is an in-situ gasification process carried out in non-mined coal seams using injection of oxidants, and bringing the product gas to surface through production wells drilled from the surface. It involves using products of coal gasification to replace natural gas in the fertiliser manufacturing process. Types of Coal and their properties: Bituminous, Lignite, Anthracite and peat coal reserve in India Problems of Indian coal Under-ground coal gasification: features and benefits. • Increases worker safety as no mining operations involved. It is important to spell out specific criteria that must be met before UCG may be considered for a large commercial application, especially given complex nature of UCG technology that combines geotechnical, chemical, and mining aspects. • ONGC has taken Skochinsky Institute of Mining, Russia, and world’s foremost leaders in UCG Technology, as its technical collaborator. Decision in this regard was taken by Union Cabinet Committee meeting chaired by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi. With limited reserve potentiality of petroleum & natural gas, eco-conservation restriction on hydel project, improvement in technology for harnessing renewable energy and geo-political perception of nuclear power, it is becoming increasingly evident that coal will continue to occupy centre-stage of India’s energy scenario. • Coal gasification is the process of producing syngas [a mixture consisting primarily of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O)], from coal, water, air and/or oxygen. Natural gas based methanol plants are of small size. Coal liquefaction It is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals. The syngas can be used in a variety of applications such as in the production of electricity and making chemical products, such as fertilizers. But coal is dirty to burn. There are concerns about water contamination, land subsidence and disposing of waste water safely. APEIROGON TECHNOLOGIES PVT. But, ‘underground coal gasification’, can create 6,900 trillion cubic feet of gas which is way HIGHER than shale reserves. In News- Recently, the Government of India(GOI) opened commercial coal mining for the private sector through auctions of 41 coal mines which are designed to boost production, reduce imports and raise state revenues. The syngas can be used in a variety of applications such as in the production of electricity and making chemical products, such as fertilisers. • Alternatively, coal-derived syngas can be converted into transportation fuels such as gasoline and diesel or into methanol which itself can be used as transportation fuel or fuel additive. Recently Odisha’s Talcher fertilizer plant was awarded a contract for starting a coal gasification unit for the production of urea and Ammonia. It will produce 1.27 MMTPA of urea through the gasification of the mixed feedstock of Indian coal with high ash content and pet coke. Pyrolysis, the chemical decomposition of organic (carbon-based) materials through the application of heat.Pyrolysis, which is also the first step in gasification and combustion, occurs in the absence or near absence of oxygen, and it is thus distinct from combustion (burning), which can take place only if sufficient oxygen is present. CH4 and CO2 are the other two major products and their content goes up with increasing pressure and H2+CO content going down. 1B, Second Floor,Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 (Beside Karol Bagh Metro Station Gate No. LTD The hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and CO2 are then siphoned off through a second borehole. • UCG reduces capital investment, operating costs, and the output gases cost by 25 to 50% as compared to surface gasification. Commercial coal mining. Fifteen different probable sites in India in the states of Maharashtra, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu have already been studied for suitability to UCG. • Economies of scale: Without economies of scale operation, the project will render uneconomical. The syngas can be used in a variety of applications such as in the production of electricity and making chemical products, such as … FREE. Coal gasification is carried out with limited amount of O2 which is around one-fifth to one-third of the theoretically O2 required for complete combustion. ONGC is working in partnership with a number of leading Coal / Power companies in this project viz. Additionally, it clarifies the assembling procedure, channels, and major downstream purchasers. Underground coal gasification (UCG) involves the unmined coal seams that are reacted underground, with insufficient oxygen for complete combustion, to create syngas. Brain Booster for UPSC & State PCS Examination Topic: Coal Gasification हिंदी में ब्रेन बूस्टर के लिए यहाँ क्लिक करें India is well positioned to take up UCG for extracting energy from isolated geographical locations. H2 and CO are the main products of gasification. Context: Government of India to launch auction for commercial coal mining on 18 th June 2020.. A/C No: xxxxxxxxxx2695 It produces Syngas which is a mixture consisting primarily of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen … Coal has better absorption capacity of CO2 and it will result in more desorption of CBM. • Coal in India is constrained by growing land acquisition problem and stringent environmental laws. What is underground coal gasification process? • Gas output may be combusted for electricity production. • Methane or natural gas extracted from coal gasification can be converted into LNG for direct use as fuel in transport sector. From UPSC perspective, the following things are important : Mains level : Benefits of Coal Gasification. LTD is the parent company of CIVILSDAILY IAS. • The hydrogen obtained from coal gasification can be used for various purposes such as making ammonia, powering a hydrogen economy, or upgrading fossil fuels. UCG requires much less surface area, thus representing potential method to extract energy from India’s deep seated untapped coal reserve. The syngas is converted into liquid hydrocarbons, through a catalytic reaction using cobalt as catalyst by Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) Synthesis. • The Ministry of Coal, Government of India, has awarded an S&T study project to the Neyveli Lignite Corporation. The usage of locally available coal for making fertilizers would help reduce the import of LNG. The Ministry of Environment along with the Wildlife Conservation Society, India, has come up with a unique initiative — a “firefly bird diverter” for overhead power lines in areas where Great Indian Bustard (GIB) populations are found in the wild. Coal gasification is the process of converting coal into synthesis gas (also called syngas), which is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). 8) The project’s environment-friendliness would help India in meeting its commitments under the CoP-21 Paris Agreement. The coal and mining secretary also said that production of minerals despite huge potential has not yet reached the desired level. Content going down on a revenue sharing basis things are Important: Mains level Benefits... Valuable chemicals without getting exposed to international feedstock price fluctuations ) exploded and subsequently benzene was found ground. 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